Global warming has become increasingly evident. Over the past century, global temperatures have increased by 0.4 to 0.8°C, with a more rapid rise occurring in the last 20 years. The World Meteorological Organization predicts that, in the next 100 years, global temperatures could rise by 1.4 to 5.8°C.

Since 1995, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has held an annual meeting called the Conference of the Parties (COP) to assess progress in addressing climate change.The Conference of the Parties (COP) is held annually and serves as the world's only multilateral decision-making forum on climate change, with participation from nearly every country. COP28 convened in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, from November 30th to December 12th, 2023.

COP28 offers the international community an opportunity to identify global solutions to limit the temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius. It provides information for countries to revise their national financial contribution targets more ambitiously by 2025, accelerates the ongoing green transformation, and promotes sustainable development worldwide.

The U.S. Greenhouse Gas Center, established by NASA, was unveiled at the COP28 conference. This center provides open-source data and tools for analyzing and managing greenhouse gas emissions, fostering cooperation in the field of climate change. It is a key agency of the U.S. government dedicated to promoting climate action and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are atmospheric gases that absorb and re-radiate heat, contributing to the greenhouse effect. The main greenhouse gases include:

1. Carbon dioxide (CO2) primarily originates from the combustion of fossil fuels, deforestation, and specific industrial processes.

2. Methane (CH4) primarily stems from agricultural activities such as rice cultivation and livestock breeding, as well as from landfills and natural gas leaks.

3. Nitrous oxide (N2O) mainly arises from agricultural practices, particularly the use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers, as well as from the combustion of fossil fuels and certain industrial activities.

4. Fluorinated gases (F-gases) encompass hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and others, primarily originating from industrial processes and the use of refrigerants.

The U.S. Greenhouse Gas Center will highlight the United States' recent advancements in clean energy technology, carbon capture and storage (CCS), renewable energy, and more. Its primary duties involve regularly publishing greenhouse gas emission inventories and monitoring emissions across various sectors and industries. Offer policy recommendations to national and local governments, aid in formulating and implementing effective emission reduction measures, engage in international climate negotiations, and foster global cooperation on reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Cooperation on reducing methane emissions could emerge as a significant achievement of this climate conference. China, the world's largest methane emitter, has notably included methane along with all greenhouse gases in its 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) plan for the first time. The European Union has recently committed to rigorously curbing methane emissions from fossil fuels, including imports, while the United States aims to prioritize advocating for extensive global restrictions on methane emissions during COP28.

Since COP26, countries worldwide have been closely monitoring methane emission control. With backing from the European Union, the UN Environment has inaugurated the International Methane Emissions Observatory (IMEO), aimed at overseeing the progress of national efforts in meeting the objectives of the Global Methane Commitment initiative. Spearheaded by the United States and the European Union, this initiative has garnered pledges from over 100 countries to slash methane emissions by 30% by 2030.